In recent years, unmanned systems have come to play an ever larger role in military operations. While aerial drones are often in the spotlight, a quiet revolution is taking place on the ground. Unmanned ground robots are increasingly used for logistics, reconnaissance and even direct support of troops. One of the best-known examples is the THeMIS robot, developed by Estonia’s Milrem Robotics, which is now operational in the Netherlands, Ukraine and other countries. Below, a THeMIS robot is shown that can detect and take out drones.
What is the THeMIS robot?
THeMIS, short for Tracked Hybrid Modular Infantry System, is a robust tracked vehicle that can be used flexibly. The robot can carry out logistics tasks, clear routes of explosives, evacuate casualties and even be lightly armed for combat support. With a payload of several hundred kilos and hybrid diesel-electric propulsion, the THeMIS can operate quietly, efficiently and for long periods. Thanks to its modular design, it can quickly be adapted to different missions and terrains.
The Netherlands and Ukraine: testing and large-scale use
The Netherlands has been testing the THeMIS for years within 13 Light Brigade to investigate how the robot can work together with infantry and armoured vehicles. Over the years several units have been acquired, and the robot is not only being tested, but used more and more operationally.
In 2025, the Netherlands decided to take a big step by supplying more than 150 THeMIS robots to Ukraine, on top of the fifteen units the country had already received. Ukraine uses these robots to transport supplies, reconnoitre routes and evacuate casualties, considerably reducing the pressure on human units.
International use: from Mali to other countries
THeMIS has not only been tested in the Netherlands and Ukraine. The system has also been trialled in Mali, where it proved its value in harsh conditions and challenging terrain. This illustrates that the robot is suitable for a wide range of climates and combat conditions, from hot and dry to cold and rugged areas.
In addition, various NATO and partner countries are interested in THeMIS, mainly for logistics, reconnaissance and strengthening infantry units. The robot is therefore no longer a niche technology, but an operational tool attracting attention worldwide.
Larger unmanned vehicles: HAVOC 8×8 and Type-X RCV
Milrem is also working on a new generation of larger unmanned vehicles. The HAVOC 8×8 Robotic Combat Vehicle is a wheeled platform designed to support mechanised units and act as a “wingman” for tanks and infantry fighting vehicles. The vehicle has a large payload, high speed and can travel long distances on its own. Thanks to AI-driven navigation, the vehicle can operate on its own under the supervision of human operators and various weapon systems can be mounted on it.
The Type-X Robotic Combat Vehicle is also in development. This platform is designed to provide direct tactical support to combat units with advanced sensors, weapon systems and autonomous functions. AI plays a central role in control and sensor management, so the vehicle can carry out complex tasks on its own, while decisions on the use of weapons always remain with human operators.
AI and autonomy in modern ground robots
What distinguishes both THeMIS and the new larger vehicles is the use of artificial intelligence. Robotic platforms are equipped with sensors, cameras and software that detect obstacles, plan routes and gather information. This allows them to operate on their own in dynamic and dangerous situations, while humans always supervise and make the final decisions. In this way the robots increase operational effectiveness and reduce risks for human troops.
A new reality for warfare
The use of THeMIS and the development of larger robotic platforms mark a clear shift in the way armies operate. What was once experimental technology is now becoming an integral part of strategy and execution. The Netherlands, Ukraine and other countries are leading the way.
Ground robots protect lives, increase flexibility and open up new possibilities for operations in high-risk areas. The use of unmanned systems is no longer a vision of the future, but a reality that is drastically changing the battlefield.
